The enemies of Islam claim that there is a mathematical error in the Qur’an when it allocates each heir’s share of the estate.
The enemies of Islam give an example of this and say that ((if there was a person who died and left behind a wife, three daughters, and two parents, then according to the Qur’an, the wife will take ⅛ of the estate, and the father will take ⅙ of the estate, and the mother will take ⅙ of the estate, and the daughters will take ⅔ of the estate. Therefore, if we add the shares, the total will be more than the estate))!
I would like to refute this false claim and say:
This example presented by the enemies of Islam was not explicitly mentioned in the Qur’an, and no case was mentioned in the Qur’an in which the total shares are more than the estate. Rather, the cases mentioned in the Qur’an are cases in which the total shares are less or equal to the estate and not more than it.
When we open the Holy Qur’an and browse through Surah An-Nisa, we will find that the Holy Qur’an only mentions these isolated cases:
1- a person dies and leaves only sons and daughters as heirs
2- a person dies and leaves daughters as heirs
3- a person dies and leaves one daughter as a heir
4- a person dies and leaves parents and a child as heirs
5- a person dies and leaves his two parents
6- a person dies and leaves brothers and parents
7- a person dies and leaves his wife and child
8- a person dies and leaves his wife without child
9- a woman dies and leaves behind her husband and child
10- a woman dies and leaves her husband without child
11- a person dies and has no children but a sister
12- a woman dies and leaves behind a brother
13- a person dies and leaves two sisters
14- a person dies and leaves brothers and sisters
These ☝️ are the only cases mentioned in the Qur’an, and all of them are cases in which the total does not exceed the amount of the estate.
These cases are completely separate from each other. For example, in the first case someone dies and leaves behind sons and daughters, but the second case speaks about if someone leaves behind daughters, and the third case speaks about if someone leaves behind one daughter, and so on.
These cases are separate from each other, and each case speaks to a point on its own..., but the enemies of Islam mix up the cases and create complex cases mixed together.
As for the examples presented by the enemies of Islam, they are examples that were not mentioned in the Qur’an, and therefore it is ridiculous to say that the Qur’an made a mistake in something that it did not mention in the first place.
But an important question remains:
If the Qur’an did not provide an answer to how to divide the estate between [the wife of the deceased + his daughters + his parents], then how will we divide the estate?!
First: Such a situation did not appear at the time of the revelation of the Qur’an to the Prophet Muhammad, otherwise the Prophet Muhammad would have answered it, but the first appearance of such a situation in inheritance was during the reign of Prince Omar bin Al-Khattab. It is called the condition of (عول) and it is pronounced (Awal).
One of the great features of Islam is that it uses the principle of analogy, as one of the rules of Islam is that Sharia does not differentiate between two similar things.
Based on the principle of analogy, Islamic jurists compared this case of inheritance with how to pay the debts owed by the deceased if the debts were more than his estate.
In Islam, if a deceased dies and has debts, those debts must be paid in full through his estate.
However, if the dead person is indebted to many people and the total debts are more than the size of the estate, then the percentage of each person as a creditor is calculated and then an equal amount is reduced from the percentage of each creditor until the total debts are equal to the total amount of the estate.
Based on the principle of analogy, Islamic jurists applied the same thing to the total shares of the heirs, whereby an equal amount is deducted from each heir's share until the total shares of the heirs are equal to the estate.
I remember that I entered into a dialogue with a non-religious person, and he said to me: Isn’t it shameful for God not to provide an answer to this case of (Awal/عول)?!
I replied to him and said to him:
You are an agnostic who denies all religions and believes that God created you and left you without a heavenly book or a specific heavenly law, and therefore you walk in this world according to your mood in everything, whether it is a big or small thing. So how can you criticize God in a simple sub-issue of inheritance while you believe that your God didn't send anything to humans?!
Also, I remember that I entered into a conversation with a Christian and he asked me the same question, so I responded and told him:
In the Bible in the Old Testament, the Bible does not give us many details about how inheritance is divided in various cases. Rather, the Bible is satisfied with giving the eldest brother twice the share of his brothers while preventing females from inheriting from their father’s wealth.
A daughter does not inherit from her father’s wealth unless she has no brother (Numbers 27:8).
As for the New Testament, the Christian God refused to divide the estate himself among the heirs (Luke 12:14)
So , how can a Christian come and criticize Islam?!
But in Islam, we have the principle of analogy, and also we follow the Companions who are the disciples of the Prophet Muhammad.
On the other hand, let's take some mathematical errors in the Bible.
It is mentioned in the Bible in 1 Kings 7:23, 2 Chronicles 4:2 that:
He made the Sea of cast metal, circular in shape, measuring ten cubits from rim to rim and five cubits high. It took a line of thirty cubits to measure around it.
According to the previous text, the Prophet Solomon made a large, round basin whose diameter was ten cubits, and then the Bible claims that its circumference was 30 cubits!
But according to the law of calculating the circumference of a circle, which is equal to ( C=𝜋d), the circumference of the basin must equal 31.43 cubits, not thirty cubits.
This mathematical error proves that the Bible is full of myths and errors
My friend, come on, leave the lies of the enemies of Islam and come embrace Islam; Islam is the path to happiness and truth
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